How should mounting systems be designed for "agrivoltaic" projects involving light-loving crops?

 The core challenge of agrivoltaic projects lies in simultaneously optimizing photovoltaic (PV) generation efficiency and meeting the growth requirements of light-loving crops. For crops such as wheat, corn, and sunflowers that require abundant sunlight, the design of the mounting system directly impacts ground-level light conditions and the maneuverability of agricultural machinery. Current mainstream solutions generally fall into two categories—elevated single-post structures and overhead canopy structures—each suited to different scenarios.

Elevated Single-Post Structures

 

In the elevated single-post design, PV modules are mounted atop vertical posts, leaving ample space underneath for planting and agricultural operations. To accommodate the passage of large farm machinery, the posts must be sufficiently tall, and the span between them must be adequately wide. Gaps left between the modules allow a certain proportion of diffuse light to reach the ground. With this design, shadows form strips across the field and shift slowly with the sun's angle; light-loving crops can still receive sufficient direct and diffuse sunlight, resulting in minimal impact on photosynthesis. This structure is a suitable choice for large-scale farms where the movement of agricultural machinery is a priority.

 

Overhead Canopy Structures

 

The overhead canopy structure involves erecting a continuous framework over the farmland, with PV panels installed on the roof to create a greenhouse-like covering. Light transmission can be flexibly adjusted by varying the spacing between modules or selecting panels with different transparency levels; this allows for control over the shading rate and helps strike a balance between power generation and crop cultivation. For light-loving crops, canopy designs typically require high light transmission rates and module layouts that maximize light penetration to ensure the crops below receive adequate sunlight. Canopy structures provide relatively uniform shading and light distribution, making them suitable for projects that prioritize high land-use efficiency and offer flexibility in crop selection.

 

For large-scale farms primarily growing light-loving crops, the elevated single-post structure is recommended to facilitate mechanized operations while minimizing the impact on sunlight exposure. If the project prioritizes land-use efficiency and power generation density, the overhead canopy structure is a viable alternative. When making the actual selection, it is recommended to base the decision on a comprehensive assessment of crop type, the level of mechanization, and the project budget.